Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide. Today, cSCC is diagnosed by visual inspection followed by invasive skin biopsy. There is a need to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools to achieve early and accurate detection. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) possesses high ultrasonic resolution and strong optical contrast at new depths (<1–5 cm). Together with exogenous contrast agents, PAI has found promising use in various tumors in living subjects. The expression of integrin αvβ6 is significantly up-regulated in cSCC. We fabricated an anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody and labeled it with indocyanine green (ICG) to form an ICG-αvβ6 antibody. The results showed that the ICG-αvβ6 antibody probe could be used to detect cSCC with high specificity (3-fold over the control by PAI) and deep penetration (approximately 1 cm) by PAI. This suggests that the ICG-αvβ6 antibody is a promising probe targeting the integrin αvβ6 for detection of cSCC tumors by PAI and fluorescence imaging. It may find clinical application in the early diagnosis of cSCC as well as in intraoperative navigation.
Highlights
Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are being used as diagnostic tools prior to surgery[3]
There are a variety of imaging agents, including organic dyes, nanoparticles and reporter genes, which can be used for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)
2-mercaptoethenol and heating) and reducing SDS-PAGE of the affinity purified anti-αvβ[6] antibody and scrambled IgG produced from 293F cells transiently transfected with pFUSE_H and pFUSE_L. (b) Anti-αvβ[6] antibody and scrambled IgG were labeled with indocyanine green (ICG)
Summary
Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are being used as diagnostic tools prior to surgery[3] All of these optical devices have limited detection depth (
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