Abstract
Abstract Photo-modulation is a promising strategy for contactless and ultrafast control of optical and electrical properties of photoactive materials. Graphene is an attractive candidate material for photo-modulation due to its extraordinary physical properties and its relevance to a wide range of devices, from photodetectors to energy converters. In this review, we survey different strategies for photo-modulation of electrical and optical properties of graphene, including photogating, generation of hot carriers, and thermo-optical effects. We briefly discuss the role of nanophotonic strategies to maximize these effects and highlight promising fields for application of these techniques.
Highlights
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms
It is clear that photo-modulation of graphene optical and electrical properties offers unprecedented opportunities for device applications across many areas
It is critical to improve our comprehension of hot carrier dynamics and transport as well as their coupling with other excitations
Summary
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms. This atomic structure results. The electrical and optical properties of graphene, which strongly depend on the Fermi level position, can be altered . This opens an unprecedented opportunity for realizing tunable devices. A number of open fundamental and engineering problems still need to be addressed to fulfill the potential of graphene photo-modulation. In this Review, we first give an overview of the fundamental electrical and optical properties of graphene. In the second part of the Review, we address fundamental processes that result in photo-modulation of the electrical and optical properties in graphene. We discuss fundamental open questions and nanophotonic engineering approaches that can be leveraged to advance the performance and functionalities of these unique systems
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