Abstract
The use of high intensity chemo-radiotherapies has demonstrated only modest improvement in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas. Moreover, undesirable drug specific and radiation therapy-incurred side effects enhance the risk of developing into a second cancer at a later stage. In this study, a safer and alternative multimodal therapeutic strategy involving simultaneous optical and oscillating (AC, Alternating Current) magnetic field stimulation of a multifunctional nanocarrier system has successfully been implemented to guide neuroblastoma cell destruction. This novel technique permitted the use of low-intensity photo-magnetic irradiation and reduced the required nanoparticle dose level. The combination of released cisplatin from the nanodrug reservoirs and photo-magnetic coupled hyperthermia mediated cytotoxicity led to the complete ablation of the B35 neuroblastoma cells in culture. Our study suggests that smart nanostructure-based photo-magnetic hybrid irradiation is a viable approach to remotely guide neuroblastoma cell destruction, which may be adopted in clinical management post modification to treat aggressive cancers.
Highlights
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that is diagnosed at a median age of 17 months [1], with an incidence rate of 10.2 per million children under 15 years of age [2]
A simultaneous optical and AC magnetic field assisted therapeutic strategy was unexplored far, despite having a huge potential of generating synergetic effects, which may be especially beneficial for the destruction of aggressive cancer cells
The maximum field strength generated by the coils (≈150 Oe) is approximately 200 times weaker than that produced by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine (≈3 × 104 Oe), which are known to be safe for use by people with medical implants such as pacemakers [32]
Summary
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that is diagnosed at a median age of 17 months [1], with an incidence rate of 10.2 per million children under 15 years of age [2]. There are about seven hundred new cases each year in the United States, and in two out of three cases, the disease usually spreads to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body at the time of diagnosis. This is an embryonal tumor of the autonomic nervous systems [3], and it is the most common extra cranial tumor of childhood with long term survival rates of only about 15% [4]. There are several factors that define specific cases of neuroblastoma, but high risk ones include stage, age, MYCN oncogene amplification, chromosome 11q status, metastasis, histologic category, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy [5]
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