Abstract

Abstract5‐Formylcytidine (f5C) is one of the epigenetic nucleotides in tRNA. Despite the evident importance of f5C in gene expression regulation, little is known about its exact amount and position. To capture this information, we developed a modification‐specific functionalization with a semi‐stabilized ylide. The chemical labelling exhibited a high selectivity towards f5C and allowed distinction from similar 5‐formyluridine. We realized a detection strategy based on the fluorescence signal of the cyclization product 4,5‐pyridin‐2‐amine‐cytidine paC, which exhibited a high quantum yield. The results clearly identified f5C with a limit of detection at 0.58 nM. This method altered the hydrogen bonding activities of f5C and modulated its reverse transcription signature in its sequencing profile. We showed that f5C can be detected from tRNA segments with a single‐base resolution. Taken together, this approach is a sensitive, antibody‐free, and applicable detection and sequencing method for f5C‐containing RNA.

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