Abstract
Photo-chromic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) is a type of smart materials which are sensitive to light. Here we harness its photo-mechanical response to flexibly control surface patterning, through modeling a film involving homeotropic nematic liquid crystals with director perpendicular to the polymer film attached on a compliant substrate. Theoretical and numerical analyses were conducted to explore the surface instability of such film/substrate systems under both uniform and non-uniform illuminations by ultraviolet (UV) light, respectively. By minimizing energy, the film can buckle into checkerboard patterns at the critical photo load. Fourier spectral method is applied to study the post-buckling evolution of various 3D wrinkling patterns including wavy shaped, ring-like, checkerboard, stripe and herringbone patterns. Besides, non-uniform illumination is investigated through square and circular patterned lights, respectively, where the wrinkles can be ordered and controlled remotely and flexibly. Furthermore, the geometric and size effects of local illumination are discussed and characterized by some critical dimensionless parameters. Phase diagrams are provided and agree with experimental observations, which could be used to guide the photo design of wrinkling morphogenesis that is particularly attractive for remote control applications.
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