Abstract
Phosphorylated proteins from food sources have been investigated as regulators of bone formation with potential benefits in treating osteoporosis. Egg, a cheap and nutritious food, is also the source of various proteins and bioactive peptides with applications in human health. Egg yolk is rich in phosvitin, the most phosphorylated protein in nature. Phosvitin has been shown to improve bone health in experimental animals, although the molecular mechanisms and its specific effects on bone-forming osteoblastic cells are incompletely understood. Previous work in our group has identified pancreatin-generated phosvitin phospho-peptides (PPP) as a potential source for bioactive peptides. Given this background, we examined the roles of both phosvitin and PPP in the function of osteoblastic cells. Our results demonstrated their potential to improve bone health by promoting osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, suppressing osteoclast recruitment and the deposition of extracellular matrix, although PPP appeared to demonstrate superior osteogenic functions compared to phosvitin alone.
Highlights
There is growing interest in using food-derived proteins and bioactive peptides for improving human health and treating disease conditions due to their perceived safety and acceptability compared to pharmaceutical agents [1,2]
To determine the effects of phosvitin on the differentiation of osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated in the presence of varying concentrations of phosvitin for 72 h
The western blotting of cell lysates demonstrated that low-dose (0.1 mg/mL) phosvitin enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Summary
There is growing interest in using food-derived proteins and bioactive peptides for improving human health and treating disease conditions due to their perceived safety and acceptability compared to pharmaceutical agents [1,2]. Phosphoproteins, rich in phospho-serine and phospho-threonine residues, are the subject of research due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and metal-binding properties, with potential applications in health [3,4]. Both native phosphoproteins as well as their enzymatic hydrolysates, containing an array of diverse phospho-peptides, are being evaluated for future usage as nutraceuticals or functional foods [5]. Phosvitin is often considered nutritionally negative, as its strong metal-binding capacity may adversely affect the intestinal absorption of minerals such as iron and calcium from dietary sources [20] This perceived harmful action might have contributed to the limited research on its applications in human health to date. Our study involved determining the effects of these proteins on markers of osteoblast differentiation, the proliferation and ECM deposition by these cells, as well as their potential to prevent the recruitment of bone-degrading osteoclasts under these conditions
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