Abstract
No-till (NT) affects dynamics of phosphorus (P) applied. Wheat response to P fertilization can be affected by available soil P, grain yield, placement, rate, and timing of fertilization. Furthermore, mycorrhizal associations could contribute to improving plant P uptake. Three experiments were used to evaluate P rate (0, 25, and 50 kg P ha−1) and fertilizer placement (broadcasted or deep-banded) effects in NT wheat on P recovery efficiency (PRE) yield and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AMC) which was assessed in one experiment. Fertilization increased dry matter (DM) and accumulated P. Broadcasted P produced lower P accumulation than deep-banded P only at tillering. Phosphorus rate decreased PRE, and placement method did not affect it. Grain yield response was increased by P rate (857 and 1805 kg ha−1for 25 and 50 kg P ha−1, resp.) and was not affected by placement method (4774 and 5333 kg ha−1for broadcasted and deep-banded, resp.). Deep-banded P depressed root AMC compared with broadcast applications. Highest AMC in P broadcasted treatments could help to explain the lack of differences between placement methods. These results indicate that Mollisol have low P retention capacity. Therefore, broadcasted P could be used as an alternative of fertilizer management for NT wheat.
Highlights
Most agricultural production in Argentina comes from the Mollisols of the Pampas region; many of these are among the most fertile soils in the world [1]
These soils were developed under grassland from loess predominantly deposited by aeolian processes [2]
Low temperatures in November caused frost damage, affecting wheat grain yield (3790 kg ha−1 averaged over P rates)
Summary
Most agricultural production in Argentina comes from the Mollisols of the Pampas region; many of these are among the most fertile soils in the world [1]. In the Southeastern Buenos Aires province it has been reported that values of Bray-P [27] lower than 16 mg kg−1 soil decreased wheat grain yield [28] In this area, greater P use efficiency was determined for banded (5 cm beside and below the seeds) compared to broadcasted fertilization at sowing under conventional tillage, mainly in soils with low available P levels (7 to 12 mg kg−1) [29, 30]. In subhumid or semiarid regions with higher probability of rain deficit, P uptake from broadcasted P fertilization could be restricted as consequence of low water content in the topsoil This produces changes in the growth, activity, and distribution of root with depth [33]. We evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization at a site to know whether the mycorrhizal symbiosis could help to explain some results obtained
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