Abstract
• Phosphorus modulated porous cerium oxide (P-CeO 2 ) nanocrystallines was constructed through a fine phosphorization for advanced LSBs. • P-CeO 2 cathode present stronger adsorption of Li 2 S 6 , faster oxidation-reduction kinetics of LiPS, and quicker diffusion of Li + ions than the bare CeO 2 , thus exhibited an improved initial capacity and stable cycling behavior. • P-modulation of metal oxide surface can simultaneously promote the catalytic reaction kinetics and chemical interaction of LiPS. The insulating nature of sulfur species, sluggish reaction kinetics, and uncontrolled dissolution of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates during the complex and multiphase sulfur redox process, have severely inhibited the applications of Li-S batteries. In this study, we report a rational strategy to accelerate the polysulfide catalysis via constructing phosphorus modulated porous CeO 2 (P-CeO 2 ) for advanced Li-S batteries. The morphology and surface analysis demonstrate that the P-CeO 2 consists of abundant P-modulated porous CeO 2 nanocrystallines. The battery performance reveals that the introduction of P will lead to an improved initial capacity of 1027 mA h g −1 than that of bare CeO 2 (895.7 mA h g −1 ) at 0.2 C. In addition, the P-CeO 2 cathode can maintain a low capacity decay ratio of 0.10% per cycle after 500 cycles at 1.0 C. The coin battery tests suggest that the P-CeO 2 cathode presents faster oxidation-reduction kinetics of LiPS and quick diffusion of Li + ions. Meanwhile, the studies of redox processes and chemical interactions of LiPS have demonstrated the P-CeO 2 cathode displays stronger adsorption of Li 2 S 6 , higher redox peak current, and earlier precipitation of Li 2 S than the bare CeO 2 . This study demonstrates for the first time that the P-modulation of metal oxide surface can simultaneously promote the catalytic reaction kinetics and chemical interaction of LiPS. We anticipate that this P-modulation method can be extended to many other nanostructured metal catalytic sites for developing affordable advanced Li-S batteries.
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