Abstract
Organic residual material such as filter cake, combined with mineral phosphate fertilizers, may alter the soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability for sugarcane as a consequence of the competing effect in adsorption sites. This study aimed to quantify the changes in both the inorganic and organic soil P fractions as amended by phosphate fertilizer sources and filter cake and to link the P fractions to sugarcane response. An experiment was conducted in an Oxisol, in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement of 4 × 2, and three replications. Three P fertilizer sources (triple superphosphate, Araxá rock phosphate, and Bayóvar® reactive phosphate) plus a control (no P) were evaluated under both the presence and absence of filter cake. At the end of the second crop cycle, the following were measured: the cane yield, the tissue P content, and soil P fractions. All fertilizer sources were efficient in supplying P to sugarcane. Araxá rock phosphate generated a higher accumulation in moderately labile P, whereas the soluble triple superphosphate resulted in higher labile P. The filter cake, as a source of nutrients and organic matter, has an important contribution to maintain more available P for sugarcane absorption, especially when associated with triple superphosphate. The amount of P absorbed by sugarcane was correlated with the soil labile P (r = 0.58) and also with the inorganic P moderately labile (r = 0.42). Both fractions must be taken into account for a short- to medium-term availability of P for sugarcane in Oxisols.
Highlights
Sugarcane is one of the leading crops in Brazil thanks to its contribution to the economic, social, and environmental sectors, as well as being a viable alternative for renewable energy production [1, 2]
The dosage of soluble P was the same for all sources, TSP was more effective in raising the soil available P compared with Bayóvar R reactive phosphate (BRP), Araxá rock phosphate (ARP), and control, as observed for the levels extracted by P resin (Table 1)
As soil samples were collected after the second year of sugarcane cultivation/fertilizer application, it implies that BRP and ARP were not effective in keeping the adequate levels of soil available P
Summary
Sugarcane is one of the leading crops in Brazil thanks to its contribution to the economic, social, and environmental sectors, as well as being a viable alternative for renewable energy production [1, 2] This crop has great potential for stalk production, requiring a high level of fertilizer input, since it is commonly cultivated in very weathered soils with low cation exchange capacity and high anion adsorption sites [3, 4]. Phosphorus Dynamics in Sugarcane Fertilized justified by the high input of P fertilizers for sugarcane in Brazil, reaching up to 1,263 kg ha−1 for the period of 1967–2016, with a corresponding P offtake of 420 kg ha−1 in the same period [2]
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