Abstract
ABSTRACT Considering the losses of phosphorus (P) in the soil by the adsorption process and that the use of biochar seems promising from the agricultural point of view, the aim of this research was to evaluate P adsorption by the Ultisol incubated with different biochar doses through kinetic and isothermal study. The experiment was carried out with poultry litter biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C. Ultisol was incubated with increasing biochar doses, from 0.0 to 61.95 t ha-1. After 60 days, the phosphorus adsorption rate, kinetics and adsorption isotherms were evaluated. The results showed that the soil had the highest capacity to adsorb phosphorus (1.105 mg g-1). Biochar was not a good P adsorbent; regardless of the applied doses, it released P to the equilibration solution. Langmuir model was better at describing the adsorption of P. The pseudo-second order model fitted well to the adsorption kinetics of P, showing that the adsorption is chemically controlled. These results suggest that biochar can increase the availability of P, limiting adsorption; therefore, it could be used as a fertilizer and/or soil conditioner.
Highlights
IntroductionBrazil stands out for its poultry production. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2019 the Brazilian production of chicken carcass was 13,576.976 tons, keeping the country in the position of the world's largest exporter and the second largest producer of meat.After disinfection, the poultry litter (PL) waste generated by the poultry sector can be reused in another poultry flock or can be used in other activities, for example as agricultural fertilizer since the poultry litter contains high levels of organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and other plant nutrients (GUO; SHEN; HE, 2012).the soil application of PL can increase the risk of natural water pollution due to the excessive loss of various nutrients in the soluble form of PL, such as P, corroborating Guo, Shen and He (2012)
The biochar used in this study was produced in Irrigation and Salinity Laboratory (ISL) under slow pyrolysis at 350 °C from poultry litter, resulting from the rearing of broilers, with the following chemical attributes: pH = 9.44; EC = 7.33 dS m-1; P2O5 = 4.08%; K2O = 4.35%; Ca = 5.04%; Mg = 1.28%; S = 0.41%; Fe = 0.72%; Mn = 0.05%; Cu = 0.01%; Zn = 0.05%; B = 0.01%; organic carbon = 42.22%; C / N = 18.76 and Zero Charge Point (ZCP) = 8.43
This occurred probably for the same reason as before, that is, the soil removal capacity decreased with the increase of the concentration of P in the soil solution (P added by the treatment solution + P released by the biochar), increasing the P in equilibrium
Summary
Brazil stands out for its poultry production. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2019 the Brazilian production of chicken carcass was 13,576.976 tons, keeping the country in the position of the world's largest exporter and the second largest producer of meat.After disinfection, the poultry litter (PL) waste generated by the poultry sector can be reused in another poultry flock or can be used in other activities, for example as agricultural fertilizer since the poultry litter contains high levels of organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and other plant nutrients (GUO; SHEN; HE, 2012).the soil application of PL can increase the risk of natural water pollution due to the excessive loss of various nutrients in the soluble form of PL, such as P, corroborating Guo, Shen and He (2012). Brazil stands out for its poultry production. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2019 the Brazilian production of chicken carcass was 13,576.976 tons, keeping the country in the position of the world's largest exporter and the second largest producer of meat. The soil application of PL can increase the risk of natural water pollution due to the excessive loss of various nutrients in the soluble form of PL, such as P, corroborating Guo, Shen and He (2012). These authors observed that 12–20% of the P in PL was water soluble and was lost in five rainfall events after soil application. To reduce the rate of P losses, it would be interesting to transform PL into a more stable and slow-release nutrient source, for example, biochar through the pyrolysis process, under limited air supply and temperature above 300 °C. (MOHAN et al, 2014)
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