Abstract
Soil and fertilizer management during cultivation can affect crop productivity and profitability. Long-term experiments are therefore necessary to determine the dynamics of nutrient and root distribution as related to soil profile, as well as the effects on nutrient uptake and crop growth. An 18-year experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State (UFRGS), in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, on Rhodic Paleudult soil. Black oat and vetch were planted in the winter and corn in the summer. The soil management methods were conventional, involving no-tillage and strip tillage techniques and broadcast, row-and strip-applied fertilizer placement (triple superphosphate). Available P (Mehlich-1) and root distribution were determined in soil monoliths during the corn grain filling period. Corn shoot dry matter production and P accumulation during the 2006/2007 growing season were determined and the efficiency of P utilization calculated. Regardless of the degree of soil mobilization, P and roots were accumulated in the fertilized zone with time, mainly in the surface layer (0-10 cm). Root distribution followed P distribution for all tillage systems and fertilizer treatments. Under no-tillage, independent of the fertilizer placement, the corn plants developed more roots than in the other tillage systems. Although soil tillage systems and fertilizer treatments affected P and root distribution throughout the soil profile, as well as P absorption and corn growth, the efficiency of P utilization was not affected.
Highlights
Adequate soil tillage is fundamental for profitable and sustainable environmental systems
Foi utilizado um experimento de 18 anos de duração em um Argissolo localizado na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), no município de Eldorado do Sul, com a sucessão de milho no verão e aveia-preta consorciada com azevém no inverno, sob manejos de solos e modos de aplicação de fertilizantes
Aggregate stability impacts root distribution in soils under no-till system (Manske & Vlek, 2002), it seems that nutrient accumulation in the soil surface layer is of primary importance, especially of nutrients with low soil mobility, such as P
Summary
Soil and fertilizer management during cultivation can affect crop productivity and profitability. Soil tillage systems and fertilizer treatments affected P and root distribution throughout the soil profile, as well as P absorption and corn growth, the efficiency of P utilization was not affected. Foi utilizado um experimento de 18 anos de duração em um Argissolo localizado na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), no município de Eldorado do Sul, com a sucessão de milho no verão e aveia-preta consorciada com azevém no inverno, sob manejos de solos e modos de aplicação de fertilizantes. Embora o manejo do solo e os modos de aplicação de P tenham alterado a distribuição do nutriente e das raízes de milho no perfil do solo, a absorção de P e o crescimento do milho, bem como a eficiência de utilização do nutriente pelo milho, não foram influenciados. Termos de indexação: preparo do solo, adubação fosfatada, eficiência de uso
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