Abstract
The integration of synergic hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions that facilitates the ring-opening of epoxide is an effective way to develop an active catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO2 into cyclic carbonates based on dual hydroxyls-functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromide (PQPBr-2OH) was presented. Physicochemical characterizations suggested that PQPBr-2OH possessed large surface area, hierarchical pore structure, functional hydroxyl groups, and high density of active sites. Consequently, it behaved as an efficient, recyclable, and metal-free catalyst for the additive and solvent free cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2. Comparing the activity of PQPBr-2OH with that of the reference catalysts based on mono and non-hydroxyl functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromides suggested that hydroxyl functionalities in PQPBr-2OH showed a critical promotion effect on its catalytic activity for CO2 conversion. Moreover, PQPBr-2OH proved to be quite robust and recyclable. It could be reused at least ten times with only a slight decrease of its initial activity.
Highlights
With the increasing concerns about environmental crisis, the development of efficient routes for the capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) that mitigates global warming has attracted tremendous attentions [1,2]
The homogeneous catalysts based on ionic liquids, such as quaternary ammonium salts [7,8], imidazolium salts [9,10,11], and quaternary phosphonium salts [12,13,14], were demonstrated to be the most efficient
The results suggested that the chemical structure and morphology of the the recycling were were well well maintained, maintained, demonstrating demonstrating the the robustness robustness ofand the of prepared catalyst
Summary
With the increasing concerns about environmental crisis, the development of efficient routes for the capture, storage, and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) that mitigates global warming has attracted tremendous attentions [1,2]. In this context, numerous strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions have been proposed, among which the conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals appears promising [3,4]. The homogeneous salts could exhibit high catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions; the obvious drawbacks of product separation and catalyst recycling still hamper their large-scale applications
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