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Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule involved in plant defense. While many proteins play essential roles in SA signaling, increasing evidence shows that responses to SA appear to involve and require lipid signals. The phospholipid-generated signal transduction involves a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis or phosphorylation of phospholipids in membranes to generate signaling molecules, which are important in the plant cellular response. In this review, we focus first, the role of SA as a mitigator in biotic/abiotic stress. Later, we describe the experimental evidence supporting the phospholipid–SA connection in plant cells, emphasizing the roles of the secondary lipid messengers (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid (PA)) and related enzymes (phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC)). By placing these recent finding in context of phospholipids and SA in plant cells, we highlight the role of phospholipids as modulators in the early steps of SA triggered transduction in plant cells.
Highlights
Plants and other living organisms face new challenges every day
The stress response occurs through the activation of signal transduction cascades, which control the physiological and biochemical responses needed for plant
In this review we focus on reviewing the current knowledge of the role of phospholipid signaling in the response triggered by Salicylic acid (SA)
Summary
Plants and other living organisms face new challenges every day. As such, they have developed efficient strategies to adapt to different types of stress to survive and propagate. The experimental evidence supporting the phospholipid–SA connection in plant cells is discussed, emphasizing how lipid secondary messengers (PIP2 and PA) and related enzymes (phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC)) involved in the control of SA signal transduction. It is discussed how the mediation of the phospholipid pathway in SA signaling has an important role in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Discussions of the biochemistry of these phospholipids, their metabolizing enzymes, and their roles in other plant stress responses can be found in several excellent reviews [7,12,20,21,22]
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