Phospholipid recovery from sweet whey and whey protein concentrate: Use of electrodialysis with bipolar membrane combined with a dilution factor as an ecoefficient method

Mélanie Faucher,Véronique Perreault,Ozan Nazim Ciftci,Sami Gaaloul,Laurent Bazinet

doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100052

Mélanie Faucher, Véronique Perreault + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100052

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Abstract

Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) is promising to recover phospholipids (PLs) from sweet whey and whey protein concentrate (WPC), as it promotes lipoprotein complex formation following a decrease in pH and ionic strength. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dilution factor (without dilution, with a 2X, 4X and 6X dilution) after EDBM on the process performances. For both products, a 4X dilution, which corresponds to a decrease in ionic strength of 81.4 ± 1.5 % for sweet whey and 79.4 ± 0.4 % for WPC, seemed sufficient to maximize lipoprotein complex formation as a plateau was reached in the defatting rates. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the process could be used to recover PLs. Higher PL contents were found in the precipitates recovered from sweet whey combined with a dilution: highest contents in total PLs for WPC (7.45 ± 0.49 and 8.00 ± 0.49 g/100g with a 4X-6X dilution) were not different from the lowest content for sweet whey (7.50 ± 1.18 g/100 g without dilution). For both products, the main PLs recovered were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, which respectively represented between 42.0 ± 1.7 and 51.6 ± 2.3 % and 30.1 ± 2.2 to 38.7 ± 0.8 % of total PLs. Furthermore, considering their high ecoefficiency scores, sweet whey combined with a 2X or 4X dilution are the most promising conditions.

Highlights

In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest over the dietary phospholipids (PLs) due to the positive impacts they can have on human health
This study mainly focused on the impact of the dilution factor after Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) for sweet whey and whey protein concentrate (WPC), as the decrease of ionic strength would be the key factor to reach higher defatting rates
The aim of this work was to recover PLs from sweet whey and WPC by EDBM, to assess the impact of the dilution factor on the performances of the process and to carry out an ecoefficiency analysis between the different condition studied. It appeared that a dilution was necessary after EDBM to reach higher defatting rates, and high PL recovery, as demonstrated in the present study, since the demineralization that occurred during EDBM was not sufficient to decrease ionic strength enough to promote lipoprotein complex formation

Summary

Introduction

In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest over the dietary phospholipids (PLs) due to the positive impacts they can have on human health. As a by-product of cheese making, as well as derived products, such as whey protein concentrate (WPC), could be attractive sources of dairy PLs. the production of a PL enriched fraction would highlight their promising health effects and limit their negative impacts in these dairy products during their transformation, storing, etc., such as organoleptic defects and technological issues (Morr and Ha, 1991). Methods have been developed to concentrate PLs from several dairy products and by-products, including solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrafiltration

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