Abstract
Five demosponges belonging to the order Axinellida: Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon alvarezae, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ptilocaulis walpersi, Myrmekioderma rea and one sponge belonging to the order Scopalinida: Scopalina ruetzleri were analyzed to assess their fatty acid composition in the phospholipid fraction. Additionally, the seasonal and intraspecific variation in fatty acids composition was assessed in M. rea and D. alvarezae. Fatty acid identification was conducted using an HRGC-MS with an ECL value of methyl ester derivatives, and analyzing their mass spectra. To confirm double bound location, N-acylpyrrolidide derivatives were used studying their mass spectra. In total, 83 fatty acids were identified with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C32. Interestingly, brominated fatty acids were identified, previously suggested for sponges. Polybranched fatty acids such as 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid (4,8,12-TMTD) and 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic (phytanic acid) were found, without a clear distribution pattern. A predominance of iso-acids (i-15:0 and i-17:0) on anteiso acids were observed. Some seasonal variations in fatty acid (FA) compositions for M. rea and D. alvarezae were observed. The hierarchical Clusters Analysis (HCA) showed that the FA composition was species-specific but not informative at the family or order level.
Highlights
Marine sponges are well known as a prolific source of fatty acids (FA)
The presence of monobrominated FA ranging from C25-C27 (≤19%), monohydroxylated FA ranging from C24-C26(≤1.4%) and monomethoxylated FA (C16 and C26) (≤1.1%) long chain fatty acids was observed, and the presence of unsaturated Δ5,9 fatty acids (13.9-32.7%) was very common
M. rea had a high content of branched chain FA (44.2%), isoacids (23%), anteiso acids (2.8%) and mid chain branched acids (7.4%)
Summary
Marine sponges are well known as a prolific source of fatty acids (FA). These compounds showed a broad spectrum of biological activities such as pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with applications in obesity treatment (brominated polyunsaturated FA) (Liang et al, 2014); cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia L1210 cells and against human carcinoma KB cellsSubmitted: 09-Feb-2021 Approved: 04-June-2021 Editor: Rubens M. Marine sponges are well known as a prolific source of fatty acids (FA). These compounds showed a broad spectrum of biological activities such as pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with applications in obesity treatment (brominated polyunsaturated FA) (Liang et al, 2014); cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia L1210 cells and against human carcinoma KB cells. There are reports of sponges from boreal waters with high content of brominated fatty acids, higher than sponges from the same taxonomic group collected in equatorial waters (Blumenberg and Michaelis, 2007). Brominated FA were observed in A. ambrosia (Rodríguez et al, 2010)
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