Phosphodiesterase inhibitory profile of some related xanthine derivatives pharmacologically active on the peripheral microcirculation

Abstract

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory profile of four related xanthine derivatives: pentoxifylline (BL 191), propentofylline (HWA 285), torbafylline (HWA 448) and albifylline (HWA 138), pharmacologically active on the peripheral and/or cerebral microcirculation was established using the four main PDE isoforms present in rat heart cytosol. HPLC on a Mono Q ion-exchange column resolved four separate cyclic nucleotide PDE activities: a calmodulin-activated fraction (PDE I), a cGMP-stimulated fraction (PDE II), a cAMP-specific rolipram-sensitive fraction (PDE IV) and a cGMP-inhibited fraction (PDE III). Among the four compounds studied, only torbafylline and pentoxifylline inhibited more efficiently the calcium plus calmodulin-stimulated than the basal activity of PDE I. The four xanthine derivatives inhibited more potently the cGMP-stimulated than the basal activity of the cGMP-stimulatable PDE II, propentofylline being the most inhibitory ( IC 50: 20 μM). Except for propentofylline, which exhibited a marked selectivity toward the rolipram-sensitive PDE IV versus the cGMP-inhibited PDE III, the other xanthines modestly ( IC 50 in the 10 −4 M range) inhibited both cAMP-specific isoforms with similar potency. Propentofylline proved to be the best inhibitor whatever the considered isoform whereas torbafylline exhibited the weakest inhibitory potency with, however, some selectivity for PDE I.