Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phosphites in the protection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against anthracnose. Different phosphite formulations were evaluated by quantifying peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, total phenols, and lignin content. The treatments consisted of sprayings, in the V4, R5, and R7 stages, with: the K, Zn, Mn, K+Mn, K+salicyclic acid, and Cu phosphites; salicylic acid; acibenzolar-S-methyl; the fungicide azoxystrobin; besides a control, without sprayings. The area under the disease progress curve was lower in plants that received applications of the K and Mn phosphites, whose values ranged between 74 and 81%, compared with the control. The K, Zn, and K+salicyilic acid phosphites were effective in controlling the disease. In addition, disease severity was lower with the application of the K, Zn, and Mn phosphites than with the control. Enzyme (peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases) activity and levels of soluble phenols were higher in common bean plants treated with the K and Mn phosphites, although no change was detected in the levels of soluble lignin in the same tissue. Phosphite application reduces the severity of the disease, can enhance enzymatic activity, and is an effective alternative for the control of anthracnose in common bean.
Highlights
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib, is one of the major diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) around the world and in Brazil, which is one of the largest bean producers (Carbonell et al, 2010; Chiorato et al, 2010)
The evaluation of the disease progress curve (AUDPC) showed that the K1, K2, Mn, and K3 phosphites caused the greatest reductions of anthracnose, of 81, 80, 77, and 74%, respectively, being statistically similar to the other treatments but different from the control in the greenhouse experiment (Figure 1)
These results show that there is scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of phosphites in controlling plant diseases in several pathosystems
Summary
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib, is one of the major diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) around the world and in Brazil, which is one of the largest bean producers (Carbonell et al, 2010; Chiorato et al, 2010). Chemical control with fungicides may cause soil, environmental, and human contamination, whereas plant resistance in cultivars may be broken down by different pathogens. An alternative method for controlling diseases caused by fungi is the use of essential oils, which increases the resistance levels of the treated crop (Garcia et al, 2012). In this case, the induction of resistance involves the activation of latent defense mechanisms in the plants in response to treatments with biotic (extracts, compounds, and molecules extracted from living organisms such as plants and microorganisms) or abiotic (acibenzolar-S-methyl and analogs) agents (Bonaldo et al, 2005)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
