Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase: Analysis of its action towards unsaturated and saturated phosphatidylserine and the effect of triton X-100 on activity

Abstract

The membrane-bound enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase ( Tetrahymena pyriformis) was found to have activity both in a crude, particulate form and when it is in a soluble form in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. This surfactant has routinely been included in the assay of phosphatidylserine decarboxylases from all sources; its effect on the activity of the Tetrahymena enzyme has now been characterized and a detailed consideration of the functioning of this surfactant in the assay of this membrane-bound enzyme is presented. The activity of the enzyme towards natural phosphatidylserine is found to be greater than towards saturated phosphatidylserine, both with and without Triton present; this finding is considered in terms of the effect of the thermotropic phase transition of the saturated material on the physical state of the phospholipid, rather than simply in terms of the specificity of the enzyme for phosphatidylserine containing unsaturated fatty acid groups. At high molar ratios of Triton to phospholipid, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically decreased. The decreased activity of the enzyme toward unsaturated Phosphatidylserine is considered in terms of a surface dilution model and the greatly diminished activity towards the saturated analogue is suggested to be the result of lipid phase separation.