Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. (“Gabirobeira”, Myrtaceae) is a versatile fruit tree species native in Cerrado. Studies of mineral fertilization and luminous conditions with the species are incipient. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the initial growth and photochemical aspects in C. xanthocarpa cultivated under phosphate fertilization and shading levels. The experiment was carried out in plastic pots and the factors under study consisted of five doses of phosphorus: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg soil-1, and two shadings levels: 0% (full sun) and 50%. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design, with four replications. The greatest growth characteristics occurred at 240 days after transplantation. The highest chlorophyll index was seen in shaded leaves. The highest values of variable and maximum chlorophyll-a fluorescence were with 10.8 and 11.6 mg P kg-1 in shaded environments, and with 120.0 and 81.81 mg P kg-1, under full sun. The highest photochemical efficiency in photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was under full sun with 33.33 mg P kg-1. The analysis of main components explained 78.82% of the remaining variability. The shaded C. xanthocarpa plants showed higher photochemical yields with the addition of low phosphorus doses. Phosphate fertilization contributed to the mitigation of photochemical damage in young plants of C. xanthocarpa cultivated under full sun.
Highlights
The Brazilian Cerrado occupies an extension of approximately 2 million km2, representing 23% of Brazilian national territory, with vast habitats and high floristic diversity (CÂNDIDO et al, 2016)
Mature fruits of C. xanthocarpa were collected from natural populations (Access Register No A9CDAAE - CGEN-MMA, of 10/15/2018), in the Itamarati Settlement, Ponta Porã (MS) (Figure 1A-B), in which the species was identified and the exsiccate was deposited in the Herbarium, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) (DDMS), under number 4644
The stem diameter was influenced by the interaction between phosphorus doses and shadings, and the largest diameter occurred in plants grown under full sun with increasing addition of P, while in a shaded environments the data did not fit the mathematical models tested (Figure 2B)
Summary
The Brazilian Cerrado occupies an extension of approximately 2 million km, representing 23% of Brazilian national territory, with vast habitats and high floristic diversity (CÂNDIDO et al, 2016). Popularly known as “gabiroba tree” belongs to the family Myrtaceae, being a fruitful tree species, occurring mainly in moist and well-drained soils of the subareas of pinhais of capões and gallery forests in the phytogeographic domains of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (SOBRAL et al, 2015). C. xanthocarpa plants have good potential owing to their agromedicinal properties, because their fruits are juicy and sweet, and can be consumed in natura or used in the production of jellies, sweets, juices, liqueurs and ice cream (LORENZI, 2008). As for medicinal properties, studies proved its efficacy in reducing blood cholesterol levels (KLAFKE et al, 2010), and the plant powder can be encapsulated and used (CIECILI et al, 2014), besides. Studies on the production of seedlings of fruit and native species are essential for the conservation of genetic diversity and sustainable development
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