Abstract
The research objective of the study is the estimation of a novel low-cost composite material f-MB (Fe-modified bentonite) as a P and N adsorbent from wastewaters. Τhe present study aimed at examining the phosphate and ammonium removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using f-MB, by conducting bench-scale batch experiments to investigate its equilibrium characteristics and kinetics. The SEM analysis revealed that the platelets of bentonite in f-MB do not form normal bentonite sheets, but they have been restructured in a more compact formation with a great porosity. Regarding the sorption efficiencies (Qm), the maximum phosphate sorption efficiencies (Qm) calculated using the Langmuir model were 24.54, 25.09, 26.13, 24.28, and 23.21 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range of 5 to 9. In addition, the maximum NH4+-N adsorption capacities (Qm) calculated from the Langmuir model were 131.8, 145.7, 168.5, 156.7, and 159.6 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range from 5 to 9. Another important finding of this study is that f-MB can recover P from treated wastewater impacting on resource recovery and circular economy (CE). The modified clay f-MB performed the phosphate and ammonium recovery rates of 80% and 78.5%, respectively. Finally, f-MB can slowly release the largest proportion of phosphate and ammonium ions for a long time, thus extending the application of the f-MB material as a slow-release fertilizer and soil improver.
Highlights
Pand N removal and recovery from wastewater have played a vital role in managing ecological and economic concerns, such as the eutrophication of natural waters and a reduction in phosphorus resources [1]
The first significant ammonium leaching is qualified by the fact that NH4+ adsorbed by the Fe-modified bentonite (f -MB) is immediately released into the soil via ion exchange between H+ in soil and NH4+ adsorbed in the material’s matrix. This behavior indicated that the f -MB can slowly release the largest proportion of phosphate and ammonium ions for a long time, extending the application of the f -MB material as a slow-release fertilizer and soil improver
The performance of a novel modified bentonite (f -MB) for the uptake of phosphate and ammonium from different types of wastewaters was studied through a number of batch experiments
Summary
Pand N removal and recovery from wastewater have played a vital role in managing ecological and economic concerns, such as the eutrophication of natural waters and a reduction in phosphorus resources [1]. In the European Union, the production of 3.6 Mt N, 1.7 Mt P, and 1.3 Mt K concern the excreta of its citizens. Research focuses on the attractiveness and the effectiveness of the treatment of wastewater effluents, especially those containing elemental compositions such as those of phosphorus and nitrogen [3]. Strict legal regulations (e.g., FWD/2000/EU) are followed by P and N discharge in water and wastewater; many wastewater treatment methods do not provide the expected level of removal of phosphorus compounds [18]
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