Abstract
Phonophoresis is a transdermal drug-delivery system that uses ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topically-applied drugs. Use of ultrasound in therapeutics and drug delivery has gained importance in recent years in human-medicine while it is still a new frontier in veterinary medicine. The primary challenge in developing these systems is rooted in the wide differences in skin structure and function seen in species ranging from cats to cows. The following review focuses on the mechanism of phonophoresis and encompasses a discussion on the possible applications of phonophoresis, phonophoretic-systems used in humans and future trends to develop a drug and species-specific phonophoretic-systems. The paper concludes with a section detailing the scope of research in future in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this article is to build a theoretical foundation for understanding phonophoresis and review the efficacy of phonophoresis as a clinical treatment in physical-therapy in humans as well as in animals.
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