Abstract
High-index-contrast optical waveguides are crucial for the development of photonic integrated circuits with complex functionalities. Despite many similarities between optical and acoustic waves, high-acoustic-index-contrast phononic waveguides remain elusive, preventing intricate manipulation of phonons on par with its photonic counterpart. Here, we present the realization of such phononic waveguides and the formation of phononic integrated circuits through exploiting a gallium-nitride-on-sapphire platform, which provides strong confinement and control of phonons. By demonstrating key building blocks analogous to photonic circuit components, we establish the functionality and scalability of the phononic circuits. Moreover, the unidirectional excitation of propagating phononic modes allows the exploration of unconventional spin–orbit interaction of phonons in this circuit platform, which opens up the possibility of novel applications such as acoustic gyroscopic and non-reciprocal devices. Such phononic integrated circuits could provide an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum information processing.
Highlights
High-index-contrast optical waveguides are crucial for the development of photonic integrated circuits with complex functionalities
We present an experimental demonstration of a phononic integrated circuits (PnIC), as an analog to the photonic integrated circuit (PIC)
We present an alternative phononic architecture with phononic waveguides that harness acoustic velocity mismatch[39], as shown in Fig. 1b, in a way similar to high-index contrast photonic waveguides in PIC
Summary
High-index-contrast optical waveguides are crucial for the development of photonic integrated circuits with complex functionalities. The unidirectional excitation of propagating phononic modes allows the exploration of unconventional spin–orbit interaction of phonons in this circuit platform, which opens up the possibility of novel applications such as acoustic gyroscopic and non-reciprocal devices. Such phononic integrated circuits could provide an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum information processing. The system described above can be summarized to three critical components: (1) scalable input and output ports; (2) phononic circuitry to confine, guide, and route phonons; (3) ring resonators to store, enhance, and modulate phonons With such a PnIC, the highly confined, unidirectionally excited whispering-gallery modes carry both orbital angular moment and spin. The phononic SOI brings new concept in designing of phononic system at sub-wavelength scale, opens possibilities of chiral phonon–matter interaction and non-reciprocal phononic devices[38]
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