Abstract
The culture filtrate of a plant pathogenic fungus that infected Zinnia elegans and Hydrangea macrophylla was investigated for mosquitocidal constituents by bioassay guided isolation. The fungus responsible for the pathogenic effects on Zinnia elegans and Hydrangea macrophylla plants had been identified as Nigrospora spherica by molecular techniques. The mosquito adulticidal constituent in the culture filtrate was identified as phomalactone by spectroscopic techniques. Laboratory bioassays showed that phomalactone had larvicidal activity against permethrin susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti larvae and topical adulticide activities on permethrin susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes. Phomalactone was effective as a topical adulticide against the standard Orlando reference strain of Ae. aegypti with an LD50 of 0.64 μg/org. Activity against An. quadrimaculatus was 0.20 μg/org.
Highlights
Many mosquito species have developed resistance due to continuous use of currently available insecticides inHow to cite this paper: Meepagala, K.M., Becnel, J.J. and Estep, A.S. (2015) Phomalactone as the Active Constituent against Mosquitoes from Nigrospora spherica
The mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) transmits viral pathogens that are responsible for yellow fever, dengue fever and chikunguya, each of which can cause severe human morbidity and mortality
As a part of the ongoing investigation for environmentally benign mosquito control agents under the Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) program of the Department of Defense (DoD), a plant pathogenic fungus infecting leaves of Zinnia elegans and Hydrangea macrophylla was investigated as a source for insecticides
Summary
How to cite this paper: Meepagala, K.M., Becnel, J.J. and Estep, A.S. (2015) Phomalactone as the Active Constituent against Mosquitoes from Nigrospora spherica. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and several other mosquito species have developed resistance to currently used pyrethroids. Natural products, those derived from microbes, can be a good source of novel insecticides as these organisms have evolved to produce compounds that play an important role in protection from other predators [2] [3]. As a part of the ongoing investigation for environmentally benign mosquito control agents under the Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) program of the Department of Defense (DoD), a plant pathogenic fungus infecting leaves of Zinnia elegans and Hydrangea macrophylla was investigated as a source for insecticides. The identity of the fungus was confirmed as Nigrospora spherica by molecular techniques This fungus infects Z. elegans and H. macrophylla plants and causes necrosis and wilting of the host plants
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