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Abstract
Oxidative stress associated with long-term glucocorticoids administration is a route through which secondary osteoporosis can be developed. The therapeutic potential of Phoenix dactilyfera L. pits is offered by their balanced, valuable and diverse phytochemical composition providing protective potential against oxidative reactions, making it a good candidate to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). This study evaluates the possible anti-osteoporotic effect of date pit extract (DPE) against dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced osteoporosis. Male rats were allocated into three control groups, which received saline, low and high doses of DPE (150 and 300 mg/kg/day), respectively. Osteoporosis-induced groups that received DEXA (1 mg/kg/day) were divided into DEXA only, DPE (2 doses) + DEXA, and ipriflavone + DEXA. Femoral bone minerals density and bone mineral content, bone oxidative stress markers, Wnt signaling, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation markers, and femur histopathology were evaluated. DPE defeated the oxidative stress, resulting in ameliorative changes in Wnt signaling. DPE significantly reduced the adipogenicity and abolished the osteoclastogenic markers (RANKL/OPG ratio, ACP, TRAP) while enhancing the osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, Osx, COL1A1, OCN). In Conclusion DPE restored the balanced proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts precursors. DPE can be considered a promising remedy for GIO, especially at a low dose that had more potency.
Highlights
Acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and total protein assay kits were purchased from Spectrum, Egypt
HPLC analysis indicated the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, resveratrol, quinol, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, and syringic acid in the highest concentrations and other phenolic compounds in lower concentrations with total phenolic contents of 4180.86 ± 18.5 μg/g extract
The presence of these compounds increased the importance of date pit extract (DPE) due to the potential antioxidant activity of these phenolic compounds responsible for facilitating the free radical scavenging activity
Summary
Medicine has used plants as a source of therapeutic molecules. The first written records on medicinal applications of plants date to 2600 BC in Mesopotamia, containing about 1000 plant-derived medicines. “Ebers Papyrus” is an Egyptian medicinal record from about 1550 BC containing more than 700 drugs, mainly of plant origin [1]. Plants have been under extensive investigation for biologically active compounds worldwide. (Date palm) are a plant part that has not been adequately appreciated and is daily wasted in tons or utilized as animal feed for cattle, sheep, and camels [2]. Date pits (DP) have been investigated for pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, 4.0/)
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