Phénotypes des maladies allergiques vus par l’allergologie moléculaire : les leçons des cohortes du monde

Abstract

Molecular components of allergens shows the diversity of the reactivity of allergens and their components according to the environment, for example the main allergies are towards animal dander and pollens in Sweden, cockroach in États-Unis and house dust mites in France and in England. Food allergies follow these same rules, for example the major problem is peanut in English spoken countries and cow's milk in France. The classification of allergen molecules into different families of proteins (depending on their structure and function) can help to predict the development local or systemic reactions. Members of the same protein family can share similar IgE épitopes, with the risk of strong cross-reactivity response. For allergy to food allergens, a stable allergenic component toward the heat is associated with greater risk of development of severe allergic reaction. For inhaled allergens, specific IgE towards major allergenic compounds were associated with the severity of allergic disease. Multiple sensitizations towards native allergens but also molecular allergens are associated with the severity of the allergy for inhaled but also food allergens in the word.