Abstract
BackgroundMyocardial injury due to ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) is aggravated in diabetes which is associated with oxidative stress. Alleviating oxidative stress via use of antioxidants has been shown to be effective at minimizing myocardial cell death and improving cardiac function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of phloroglucinol against myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) in diabetic rats.MethodsDiabetes was induced in female rats with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were orally treated with phloroglucinol (100 and 200 mg/kg daily for 28 days). After treatment the hearts were isolated and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus. The hearts were subjected to 15 minutes of IR to induce myocardial damage. Cardiac functions including heart rate (HR), resting and developed tension, and rate of change of contraction (+dP/dt max) were recorded. Cardiac injury biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK‐MB) were measured in the heart perfusate. Levels of the antioxidant enzymes reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was also performed.ResultsAfter IR injury, a decrease in HR and +dP/dt max in hearts from diabetic rat was seen compared to healthy rat hearts, which was reversed by phloroglucinol treatment. Myocardial infarct size, measured by H&E staining, was increased in diabetic rats compared to healthy rats and an increase in the activity of LDH and CK‐MB in the heart perfusate in diabetic rats was decreased by phloroglucinol treatment. An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes were observed in diabetic rats, which was reversed with phloroglucinol treatment.ConclusionPhloroglucinol treatment has potential therapeutic promise in the treatment of MRI in diabetes.
Highlights
| MATERIALS AND METHODSDiabetes is a chronic condition induced in humans by lifestyle changes; once established, it can be controlled to some extent with proper medication.[1,2] When the condition becomes chronic, it causes complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, etc Currently, India is known as the world's “diabetes capital”
Myocardial injury due to ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) is aggravated in diabetes which is associated with oxidative stress
Diabetes is a chronic condition induced in humans by lifestyle changes; once established, it can be controlled to some extent with proper medication.[1,2]
Summary
Diabetes is a chronic condition induced in humans by lifestyle changes; once established, it can be controlled to some extent with proper medication.[1,2] When the condition becomes chronic, it causes complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, etc Currently, India is known as the world's “diabetes capital”. The diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in haemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, resting tension developed tension, and dP/dtmax compared to normal rats. The diabetic rats showed a significant increase in LDH and CK‐MB levels compared to normal rats. The diabetic rats had decreased levels of reduced glutathione levels (= antioxidant enzymes) and increased levels of TBARS (MDA = lipid peroxidation) compared to normal rats. Pre‐treatment with phloroglucinol significantly increased reduced glutathione levels and decreased TBARS (MDA) levels compared to that of diabetic rats (Figure 3). Pre‐treatment with phloroglucinol significantly decreased the infarct size compared to diabetic rats (Figure 4). Diabetic rats showed a significantly increased percentage change in blood glucose level compared to normal rats. Treatment with phloroglucinol significantly decreased the percentage change in blood glucose levels compared to diabetic rats (Figure 6)
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