PHILOSOPHICAL‐CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION

Abstract

Globalization determines the process of unification of all mankind on the planet Earth. It is the planetary level that outlines the process of "globality". There is a unification of human activity, the development of international trade, increasing capital flows between countries, opening access to foreign resources, including labor markets, there are general trends of integration in the socio-cultural and economic context. This convergence contributes to the strengthening of interaction, integration, and interdependence between nations. In E. Cassirer's philosophy, globalization can be understood as a symbolic form that functions as a worldview in modern discourses. Globalization as a symbolic form has become an image of the world, has changed our understanding of space and time. In the world-system analysis, capitalism is presented as a historical and social system that integrates its achievements into the "world-economy", and it is the methods of modern capitalism that have allowed the modern world economy to go beyond the political borders of individual countries. Against the background of globalization processes in the mass consciousness and public opinion, a contradiction is formed, represented by rational optimism, which gave rise to civilization, and on the other hand, caused a crisis (existential, environmental, economic). The process of globalization has an ontological dimension. This is, above all, a process of expanding the boundaries of reality. From the standpoint of instrumentalism and pragmatism, it is science, education, and democracy that can help to go beyond the temporal and spatial contours of human activity. In the philosophy of technology, attention is paid to the scientific and technological revolution that catalyzed the process of globalization. Globalization creates a complex of the most acute socio-cultural contradictions and requires adequate understanding and research, which can be fruitfully conducted in the framework of philosophical analysis, which in itself has a high level of systemic generalization. The process of globalization has an ontological dimension, which is in the process of expanding the boundaries of reality, both physical and virtual. Within the framework of instrumentalism and pragmatism, globalization is identified with the process of democratization. These ideas are developed in the political philosophy of J. Rawls, who considers it possible to form a model of global justice at the international level. The structuralist approach attempts to formulate an ontology of globalization processes at the level of international relations. In the context of his cosmopolitan views, J. Habermas tries to outline the contours of supranational democracy. Within the social ontology, globalization is seen as a mutually constitutive relationship between analytical-autonomous agents and structures. The position of postmodernists outlines the possibilities of different trajectories of the development of countries in the international arena.