Abstract
This chapter deals with two philosophical currents, namely existentialism and personalism, in order to explicate the theological position of the Secretariat for Non-Christians (SNC)/ Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (PCID). These two currents, which have emerged in Western thought in recent decades, have had a profound influence upon Christian theology, and they have created a new form of anthropocentrism whose correlative is a positivistic naturalism that neglects the unique ontological status and value of the human person in a world of things. In 20th century theology in the French-speaking Catholic world the movement called nouvelle theologie profoundly influenced Roman Catholic theological thinking and has been one of the currents whose traces can be found also in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. It seems to be clear by now that in the 20th century, Roman Catholic theology became more existential and less formalistic and conceptualistic.Keywords: anthropocentrism; existentialism; French-speaking Catholic world; personalism; philosophical currents; Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (PCID); Roman Catholic theology; Second Vatican Council; Secretariat for Non-Christians (SNC)
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