Abstract
The prevalence of antibacterial resistance has brought about a growing surge to develop novel approaches to control infectious diseases. Targeting Quorum-sensing (QS) - controlled virulence factors in bacteria has indicated a promising strategy for antipathogenic drugs. Extracts of Philippine Ilongot-Egongot ethnobotanicals Stachytarpeta jamaicensis, Adenanthera intermedia, Mikania micrantha, Hyptis suaveolens, Premna odorata, Cymbopogan winterianus, Phyllanthus urinaria, Dillenia philippinensis, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Senna alata, Urena lobata, Ceiba pentandra, Ficus sp., Eleusine indica, Diplazium esculentum and Talahib (no known scientific name) were screened using microtiter plate biofilm formation assay for their QS inhibition activity against biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PNCM 1335. Extracts of M. micrantha, H. suaveolens flowers, H. vulgaris, A. intermedia, E. indica leaves, D. esculentum and Talahib have inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa clinical isolate biofilm formation. Decrease in biofilm formation was shown in extracts of S. jamaicensis., M. micrantha, H. suaveolens, H. vulgaris, U. lobata, C. pentandra, A. intermedia, E. indica, D. esculentum and Talahib. against P. aeruginosa PNCM 1335. RNA extracts of M. micrantha, Talahib and A. intermedia exhibited downregulation of lasR in both test bacteria using qRT-PCR analysis through absolute quantification. The prospects of these ethnobotanicals to inhibit bacterial virulence avoiding antibiotic resistance is presented in this paper.
Highlights
The continuous emergence of pathogenic diseases has brought about indiscriminate use of antibiotics
This paper presents the quorum sensing inhibiting (QSI) activity of Philippine IlongotEǵongot ethnobotanicals against a QS-controlled virulence factor, biofilm formation, in the bioreporter bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa up to the molecular level through the quantification of the expression of lasR, a QS-linked gene responsible for many virulence factors including biofilm formation
The effect of plant extracts on the attachment phase of biofilm formation was measured by using a microtitre plate assay. 180 μl of overnight cultures of P. aeruginosa were transferred to wells in the plates added with 20 μl of each plant extract
Summary
The continuous emergence of pathogenic diseases has brought about indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Current search for new antimicrobials and anti-virulence agents is focused on natural products, plant-derived compounds. To this day, these compounds have provided the platform for developing new sets of antipathogenic drugs. The Philippines, aside from having an immense plant diversity, hosts a number of diverse ethnic communities that have depended mostly on plants and other natural products to treat diseases (Sia et al, 2002). A recent survey of their traditional medicine revealed a varied and huge selection of ethnobotanicals for the treatment of many diseases and ailments (Balberona et al, 2018) Their novelty has attracted researches seeking for agents that may possess quorum sensing inhibiting (QSI) compounds, and provide additional validation of the traditional medicines (Adonizio et al, 2006). This paper presents the QSI activity of Philippine IlongotEǵongot ethnobotanicals against a QS-controlled virulence factor, biofilm formation, in the bioreporter bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa up to the molecular level through the quantification of the expression of lasR, a QS-linked gene responsible for many virulence factors including biofilm formation
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