Abstract
A new hyphomycete Phialocephala victorinii sp. nov. is an endophyte isolated from living roots of the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium parviflorum. Phialocephala victorinii is typical of the genus in morphology and ecology, but clearly different from other known species of Phialocephala in having characters not previously described: slow growing colony, dark brown to golden brown on malt agar, and sporulating readily on corn meal agar, bearing regular conidiophores, sterile lateral protuberances present on hyphae in fertile region and not on the conidiophores, stipe base and apex subhyaline, collarettes extremely expanded, and conidia of two kinds: dark brown, obovoid or lunate, and light brown, allantoid conidia. Its sensitivity to cycloheximide suggests an affinity inside Phialocephala and no teleomorph connection with Ophiostoma. The taxonomic placement of the new species and a key to the members of Phialocephala are given.
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