Abstract

Chemical communication is used almost universally across the animal kingdom, probably in all species from nematodes to humans. Pheromones are the means of intraspecific chemical communication. Pheromones evolve from compounds that have informational value, and this often explains why certain compounds have become used for chemical communication in a particular species and context. Releaser pheromones have direct effects on behavior. Primer pheromones have longer-lasting effects and act via the endocrine system of the receiver. Pheromones are important in speciation and all aspects of behavior of animals. Synthetic pheromones are used in many applied contexts, such as green pest control, and there is much untapped medical potential.

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