Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable model for understanding the mechanism of plant embryogenesis and a tool for the mass production of plants. However, establishing SE in avocado has been complicated due to the very low efficiency of embryo induction and plant regeneration. To understand the molecular foundation of the SE induction and development in avocado, we compared embryogenic (EC) and non-embryogenic (NEC) cultures of two avocado varieties using proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Although Criollo and Hass EC exhibited similarities in the proteome and metabolome profile, in general, we observed a more active phenylpropanoid pathway in EC than NEC. This pathway is associated with the tolerance of stress responses, probably through the reinforcement of the cell wall and flavonoid production. We could corroborate that particular polyphenolics compounds, including p-coumaric acid and t-ferulic acid, stimulated the production of somatic embryos in avocado. Exogen phenolic compounds were associated with the modification of the content of endogenous polyphenolic and the induction of the production of the putative auxin-a, adenosine, cellulose and 1,26-hexacosanediol-diferulate. We suggest that in EC of avocado, there is an enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism for the production of the building blocks of lignin and flavonoid compounds having a role in cell wall reinforcement for tolerating stress response. Data are available at ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019705.
Highlights
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a crop of great economic importance
Avocado embryogenic cultures were induced from immature zygotic embryo explants
We could induce direct Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in only 7% explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 picloram (MSP)
Summary
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a crop of great economic importance. The losses caused by these diseases run into millions of dollars and severely affect the health of the trees, production, and international trade of avocado [2]. There have been large-scale efforts to breed disease-resistant avocados [3,4]. These efforts have been stymied by long breeding cycles and the challenges of controlling pollination under dichogamy. Implementation of biotechnological approaches, such as in vitro cultures, offers the possibility of the mass production of avocado. The most promising tool for the in vitro generation of avocado is somatic embryogenesis [5]
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