Abstract
Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.
Highlights
As the first cellular compartment encountered during pathogen attack, it is significant to assume the functions of cell wall in plant defense [1]
It has been shown that plants have evolved complex stress tracking frameworks through cell wall integrity (CWI) support mechanism [12]. Some portion of such CWI monitoring frameworks depends on the perception of “danger” alert signs, which offer signaling segments and reactions with the immune pathways activated by non-self MAMPs
The objective of this review is to provide detailed information about the progress and challenges in understanding the role of the major genes and transcriptome network probably involved in the biosynthesis pathway of the lignin/phenylpropanoid pathway for plant disease resistance mechanism and provide brief information about the current hypothesis as well as open questions for future prospects in this direction
Summary
As the first cellular compartment encountered during pathogen attack, it is significant to assume the functions of cell wall in plant defense [1]. It has been shown that plants have evolved complex stress tracking frameworks through cell wall integrity (CWI) support mechanism [12] Some portion of such CWI monitoring frameworks depends on the perception of “danger” alert signs, which offer signaling segments and reactions with the immune pathways activated by non-self MAMPs. Overall, infection is restricted upon the perception of pathogen or microorganism associated molecular pattern (PAMPs or MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors [13]. The objective of this review is to provide detailed information about the progress and challenges in understanding the role of the major genes and transcriptome network probably involved in the biosynthesis pathway of the lignin/phenylpropanoid pathway for plant disease resistance mechanism and provide brief information about the current hypothesis as well as open questions for future prospects in this direction. An attempt has been made to bring all the information together for pathway based emerging players in disease response and possible models have been provided for various resistance mechanisms
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