Abstract
Reacting to environmental exposure, most higher plants activate secondary metabolic pathways, such as the metabolism of phenylpropanoids. This pathway results in the formation of lignin, one of the most important polymers of the plant cell, as well as a wide range of phenolic secondary metabolites. Aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, largely stimulate this process, determining two ways of lignification in plant tissues, varying in their efficiency. The current study analyzed the effect of phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in plant metabolism through the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway, on the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds, as well as lignin by means of the expression of a number of genes responsible for its biosynthesis, based on the example of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the essential agricultural plants worldwide; it is a leading crop both in terms of land used for its cultivation and the level of its global consumption
Considering the above, the objective of this study was to get a better understanding of the effects of phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in plant metabolism through the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway, on the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds, as well as lignin by means of the expression of a number of genes responsible for its biosynthesis in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)
It was necessary to assess the income level of targeted amino acids in experimental plants and to identify the optimal concentration of precursors to adjust their level in nutrient media at subsequent stages of the experiment
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the essential agricultural plants worldwide; it is a leading crop both in terms of land used for its cultivation and the level of its global consumption. Most of the crops, including wheat, are grown as monocultures. This method of growing involves increased stress on plants from both biotic and abiotic factors [1,2,3]. Studying plant metabolism characteristics is a natural step towards the improvement of growth and productivity of plants, especially through the intensification of secondary metabolic processes, such as synthesis of phenolic compounds and lignin—an important element of cell walls. Phenolic compounds are one of the main classes of secondary metabolites in plant cells. They are involved in a number of protective and regulatory processes in plants, ensuring their durability, steady growth, and tissue development [4,5]
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