Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene (encoding lamin A/C) are a significant cause of familial arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Although the penetrance is high, there is considerable phenotypic variability in disease onset, rate of progression, arrhythmias, and severity of myopathy. To begin to address whether this variability stems from specific LMNA mutation sites and types, we generated seven patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with various LMNA mutations. IPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (iCFs) were differentiated from each line for phenotypic analyses. LMNA expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway activation were perturbed to differing degrees in both iCMs and iCFs from the different lines. Enhanced apoptosis was observed in iCMs but not in iCFs. Markedly diverse irregularities of nuclear membrane morphology were present in iCFs but not iCMs, while iCMs demonstrated variable sarcomere disarray. Heterogenous electrophysiological aberrations assayed by calcium indicator imaging and multi-electrode array suggest differing substrates for arrhythmia that were accompanied by variable ion channel gene expression in the iCMs. Coculture studies suggest enhancement of the LMNA mutation effects on electrophysiological function exerted by iCFs. This study supports the utility of patient-specific iPSC experimental platform in the exploration of mechanistic and phenotypic heterogeneity of different mutations within a cardiac disease-associated gene. The addition of genetically defined coculture of cardiac-constituent non-myocytes further expands the capabilities of this approach.
Highlights
Familial cardiomyopathy is the most common Mendelian inherited heart disorder
Blood samples obtained from seven subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) who were heterozygous for mutation in LMNA were used to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones
Three biological iPSC lines were used as controls and their absence of LMNA mutation was validated
Summary
Familial cardiomyopathy is the most common Mendelian inherited heart disorder. More than 50 genes have been associated with familial DCM encoding sarcomeric, cytoskeletal, nuclear and plasma membrane proteins A prominent locus for familial DCM is LMNA, encoding lamin A and C (lamin A/C; McNally and Mestroni, 2017; Peters et al, 2019; Schultheiss et al, 2019). Lamin A/C is a type V intermediate filament protein and the major structural component of the nuclear lamina, that lies beneath the inner nuclear membrane (Fisher et al, 1986). Mutations in LMNA associate with a wide range of human diseases collectively referred to as “laminopathies” encompassing DCM, and muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and Hutchinson Gilford Progeria (premature aging syndrome; Capell and Collins, 2006; Rankin and Ellard, 2006)
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