Abstract
AbstractDwarfing genes play a major role in development of semi-dwarf cultivars of various cereals, but in rye this type of cultivar is still not common. Several recessive and dominant dwarfing genes in rye have been reported. Among the known dominant dwarfing genes in rye, two are well characterised: Ddw1 from the 5RL chromosome and Ddw2 located on 7R. This study was aimed at characterisation of the K11 source of dominantly inherited dwarfism found in plant materials grown in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (Radzików, Poland). Mapping analyses in this study indicate that the dominant dwarf gene under investigation is located on the 1RL chromosome and is independent from previously known genes. The gene was named Ddw3. Phenotypic effect of the Ddw3 was tested on two pairs of near-isogenic lines. Six morphological traits were analysed in two or three growing seasons: plant height, length of the second internode from the base, number of internodes, tillering, spike length, and number of spikelets per spike. No negative or weak influences on yield-related traits were observed. The examination of the dwarf plants’ reaction to seedling treatment by gibberellic acid solution revealed sensitivity of Ddw3 to this growth regulator. This report is the first evidence of the dominant Ddw3 gene in rye and its presence on the 1R chromosome.
Highlights
Dwarfing genes play a major role in the development of semi-dwarf cultivars of various cereals, including wheat, barley, and triticale
The high genetic similarity of the 4112 near-isogenic lines resulted in the selection of these two genotypes as parental forms in the development of the mapping population used for the localisation of the dwarfing gene
Distances between Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) loci located on the consensus map were approximately two times longer—segregating markers were mapped on a distance of about 16 cM (\10 % of the total length of 1R chromosome)
Summary
Dwarfing genes play a major role in the development of semi-dwarf cultivars of various cereals, including wheat, barley, and triticale. Among the known dominant dwarfing genes in rye, two have been thoroughly characterized: Ddw and Ddw. Petersburg and was originally named as the Humilus (Hl) gene It is located on the long arm of the 5R chromosome (Korzun et al 1996; TenholaRoininen and Tanhuanpaa 2010). The second well-characterized dominant dwarfing gene in rye (Ddw2) was found in Bulgarian mutant K10028 (Kobyljanski 1975a) and localized on the 7R chromosome (Melz 1989). Additional sources of dominant dwarfing genes in rye were reported (Wegrzyn and Grochowski 1984), but their relationships to Ddw and Ddw and their localisation on rye chromosomes have never been studied in detail
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