Abstract
Salmonella typhi infection occur in most endemic areas. Patients suspected of typhoid fever and diarrhea attending health facilities in Bauchi metropolis were the population studied. 384 stool and blood specimens were collected. The aim of the study was to investigate Salmonella typhi using phenotypic analysis to determine whether the organism pose significance attributes among age group or gender and it is specific with fever and diarrhea in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi, Nigeria. Blood and stool specimens were first enriched in tetrathionate and selenite F broth respectively before sub-cultured on selective medium while identification was conducted with some biochemical analysis. Of the 384 blood and stool specimens screened, 178(46.4 %) yielded significant bacterial growth, while 206(53.6 %) showed no evidence of bacterial growths. Salmonella typhi accounted for 6.2 % of the total bacteria isolated while other Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 93.8 %. Distribution of Salmonella typhi were insignificant in the selected health facility using Cochran-Mantel’s analysis with male and female at (P=0.827), and (P=0.866) in blood and stool specimens respectively. Age groups also shows insignificant attributes to Salmonella typhi investigation at (P=0.44). It continues to maintain a mainstream focus of difficulty to isolate the organism via culture despite the selective medium used for the study. Therefore, screening and identification for Salmonella typhi at phenotypic level still pose a problem in many Health facility. The research has considerably shown the adverse variability of Salmonella typhi from both samples collected among research inclusions.
Highlights
Salmonella typhi infection occurs in most industrialized nations and developing countries at high frequency and is an important public health concern worldwide [1]
One hundred and fifty-seven patients (40.9 %) and 227 equivalents to (59.1 %) were males and females enrolled in the three health facilities accounting to three simultaneous health factors of fever (231), diarrhea (117) and fever/diarrhea (36)
The findings indicate that febrile, diarrheic and febrile/diarrheic patients suspected of typhoid fever cases reported were diagnosed using the Widal test
Summary
Salmonella typhi infection occurs in most industrialized nations and developing countries at high frequency and is an important public health concern worldwide [1]. The agent of typhoid fever causes serious health problem in developing countries due to their unsuitable sewage treatments, poor standards of hygiene and unavailability of potable drinking water [5]. It is mostly encountered in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria where it constitutes significant sources of morbidities and mortalities [6]. The incidence of typhoid salmonellosis (which is caused by Salmonella enterica typhi) is increasing worldwide, causing millions of infections and many deaths in the human population each year
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