Abstract
<p><span lang="EN-US">The needs for chicken meat have been dominated by meat from exotic broilers (bred from imported parent). The potential of local broilers chicken in Indonesia is expected to be able to provide the meat for national needs for chicken meat. The objective of this research was to determine the day-old-chick (DOC) phenotypic characteristics of chickens in Indonesia that have the potential as broilers. The phenotypic characteristics are in the form of body morphometry, visceral organ weight and small intestinal histo-morphology. The chickens used were the DOC type of exotic Broiler, Kampung, exotic male Layer, KUB-1 and Pelung. A total of 125 chickens consisting of 25 chickens of each strain at posthatched age were observed for its body morphometry and its visceral organ weight, and small intestinal histo-morphology. The observed data were then analyzed by similarity analysis using MVSP 3.22 to create a dendogram with the Unweighted Pair Group with Aritmetic Average (UPGMA) method. Results showed that there were 2 different clusters from the level of similarity in their characteristics. Exotic broilers had 94.65% similarity to male exotic layer chicken and 92.26% to pelung chicken, while Kampung chickens had 90.16% similarity to KUB-1Chicken. In conclusion, it is indicated that the level of similarity of the phenotypic characteristics of pelung chickens were close to the type of exotic broiler and male exotic layer chicken. This level of similarity lead to the expectation that pelung chickens potential to be a candidate for meat-type of local chicken.</span></p>
Highlights
Food proteins source derived from animal such as beef, sheep, goat, and chicken meats are in great demand for Indonesian people
Protein needs through chicken meat have been mostly fulfilled by exotic broiler chickens
The chicks of exotic broiler, kampung, pelung and exotic male layer chickens were obtained from chicken distributors in Yogyakarta area, while KUB-1 chickens were obtained from the farmer partners of Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) in Berbah, Tirtosari, and Yogyakarta regions
Summary
Food proteins source derived from animal such as beef, sheep, goat, and chicken meats are in great demand for Indonesian people. Protein needs through chicken meat have been mostly fulfilled by exotic broiler chickens. This dominance is very reasonable because the exotic broiler chicken grow faster, which is within 35 days they are ready to be harvested with an average live weight of 2 kg per chicken. The attempts to find alternative chicken meat availability apart from broiler chickens continue to be carried out by the Indonesian government and the Saragih et al Phenotypic characteristics of Exotic-broiler, Kampung, Male Exotic-layer, KUB-1 and Pelung chickens society. The society has been trying to increase local chicken meat by crossing male local chickens with exotic laying hens. The product are commonly called as Jawa Super chickens (Setiawan et al 2018)
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