Abstract
Breast milk is the combination of bioactive compounds and microflora that promote newborn’s proper growth, gut flora, and immunity. Thus, it is always considered the perfect food for newborns. Amongst their bioactives, probiotic communities—especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB)—are characterized from breast milk over the first month of parturition. In this study, seven LAB were characterized phenotypically and genotypically as Levilactobacillus brevis BDUMBT08 (MT673657), L. gastricus BDUMBT09 (MT774596), L. paracasei BDUMBT10 (MT775430), L. brevis BDUMBT11 (MW785062), L. casei BDUMBT12 (MW785063), L. casei BDUMBT13 (MW785178), and Brevibacillus brevis M2403 (MK371781) from human breast milk. Their tolerance to lysozyme, acid, bile, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and NaCl and potential for mucoadhesion, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation with pathogens are of great prominence in forecasting their gut colonizing ability. They proved their safety aspects as they were negative for virulence determinants such as hemolysis and biofilm production. Antibiogram of LAB showed their sensitivity to more than 90% of the antibiotics tested. Amongst seven LAB, three isolates (L. brevis BDUMBT08 and BDUMBT11, and L. gatricus BDUMBT09) proved their bacteriocin producing propensity. Although the seven LAB isolates differed in their behavior, their substantial probiotic properties with safety could be taken as promising probiotics for further studies to prove their in vivo effects, such as health benefits, in humans.
Highlights
Breast milk is the natural and safest biological fluid for newborns as it completely fulfills the nutritional and defense requirements
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were assessed for their antimicrobial compounds using their neutralized cell free supernatant (CFS), CFS separately treated with catalase and trypsin
The results revealed that CFS of all the isolates showed antimicrobial activity and their treated CFS like neutralized CFS (N-CFS), catalase treated CFS (C-CFS), and T-CFS varied in their antimicrobial activity
Summary
Breast milk is the natural and safest biological fluid for newborns as it completely fulfills the nutritional and defense requirements. The health-promoting effect of breast milk, such as buildup of defense against various infectious diseases and boosting up the immune system, is probably due to the combined action of bioactives such as maternal immunoglobulins, immunocompetent cells, antimicrobial proteins (lactoferrin, CD14, and lysozyme), regulatory cytokines, and human milk oligosaccharides. Breast milk is a source of bacterial community that only establishes the infant’s gut flora and modulates their innate immunity [1,2]. Breast milk could be the most substantial source of potential probiotics since the predominant bacterial species include Bifidobacterial, Lactococcus, Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Streptococci, and Micrococci [4]. The effective therapeutic properties of probiotic preparations have been reported for traveler’s diarrhea [8], antibiotic-associated diarrhea [9], acute diarrhea [10], and inflammatory bowel disease [11]
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