Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most common deep mycosis in Northeast China which is an area of high epidemicity due to contact with reeds or cornstalks. In this study, we have characterized a total of 74 clinical isolates from fixed cutaneous, lymphocutaneous and disseminated clinical forms and from Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, respectively. All isolates (previously as Sporothrix schenckii) were identified as Sporothrix globosa according to their phenotypic characteristics and calmodulin gene sequences analysis. They were subdivided into two sub-clades (S. globosa I and S. globosa II). Most of our isolates (71/74) presented restricted growth at 37 °C, which differed from a previous report. Up to now, S. globosa is the only pathogenic species in Northeast China, no matter what kind of clinical form and which region it is isolated from. Most of our clinical isolates (68/74) were clustered with three Chinese environmental isolates reported in the literature. The new findings of S. globosa isolates on division and thermotolerance at 37 °C described in this study will help us gain a better understanding of S. globosa.
Highlights
Sporotrichosis is a common subcutaneous mycosis which is caused by the dimorphic fungus previously described as the single species Sporothrix schenckii, being recognized as Sporothrix complex which comprises at least six sibling phylogenetic species: S. pallida, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. luriei, S. mexicana, and S. schenckii [1, 2]
Our phylogenetic analysis showed that seventy-four clinical isolates originated in Northeast China were entirely clustered with S. globosa
Sixty-eight Chinese clinical isolates were closely related to AM399002, AM399004, and AM399005, which were isolated from environment of Northeast China by Ishizaki and Xuezhu Jin [15]
Summary
Sporotrichosis is a common subcutaneous mycosis which is caused by the dimorphic fungus previously described as the single species Sporothrix schenckii, being recognized as Sporothrix complex which comprises at least six sibling phylogenetic species: S. pallida, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. luriei, S. mexicana, and S. schenckii [1, 2]. Among the species of Sporothrix complex, there are differences in the geographical distributions. S. brasiliensis is restricted geographically to Brazil, and S. mexicana to Mexico [1]. S. globosa is a widespread species found up to now in UK, Spain, Italy, China, Japan, USA, India, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, and more recently Brazil [1, 4, 5]. Northeast China including Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces is the most endemic region [7,8,9] where sporadic cases have occurred for many decades, in rural areas, with a high incidence in autumn and winter when the chances of contact with cornstalks increase. Small outbreaks have occurred in Jilin province with a significant increase in sporotrichosis
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