Abstract
To induce polyploidy in diploid control plant of Vicia faba, seeds were socked in various concentrations of colchicine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 %) for 9 and18 h. Putative ploidy plants were confirmed by screening morphological characters, measuring DNA content via spectrophotometer and analyzing stomatal behavior. Polyploidy plants showed slower growth rate along with increased potency and thickened large leaves. Three types of polyploidy were achieved; triploid, tetraploid and mixoploid. In induced polyploid plants, the length and width of stomata were increased, while the index of stomata was declined, in comparison to the initial diploid plants. Treatment with 0.3 and 0.4 % colchicine for 9 and 18 h were efficiently induced polyploidy. The highest stomatal size (22.53 µm) and widest stomatal aperture (9.72 µm) and the lowest stomatal index (34.24) where obtained when 0.4 % of colchicine where applied at 18hr tested time with high significant differences at p<0.05 in comparison to dipliod plants. We recommend this method for induction of polyploids in other different crops and possibly will selected these tetraploid plants for further breeding purposes.
Highlights
Artificial polyploidy is considered as a valuable tool for improving the genetics of many plants and changes the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of plants [1, 2, 3]
DNA content is a strong ploid level predictor as it increases with the chromosome replication that occurs in polyploidy
The objective of the present work was to generate the polyploid of diploid Vicia faba plants using colchicine and determine the ploidy plants by investigating different morphological diameters, measuring DNA content, and studying stomatal behavior
Summary
Artificial polyploidy is considered as a valuable tool for improving the genetics of many plants and changes the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of plants [1, 2, 3]. Increased biomass, increased photosynthetic capacity, larger flowers, fruits and seeds, compared with their diploid relatives [6] It increases the production of essential medicinal compounds and makes the plants more stress-resistant [7,8,9]. Colchicine is the most well-known of these chemicals, which often causes chromosome duplication [10] It has been used for many years in plant breeding approach [11,6]. Chromosome counting in mitotic cells and the measurement of DNA content were used as direct methods, while cytological features such as stomata cell size, stomata density, pollen grain diameter and number of chloroplasts in guard cells were used as indirect methods of polyploid determination [11,12,13]. The optical density of extracted DNA, measured by spectrophotometry and/or by electrophoresis
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