Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli of clinical isolates

Abstract

One of the biggest threats to human health today is the emergence of resistance among the most significant bacterial diseases. To identify outbreaks and the transmission of clinically important resistance genes and the genetic components associated with them in human infections, there is a need for genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance in clinically isolated gram-negative microorganism strains, as well as their molecular characterization. Microbiological identification was done using the automatic microbiological analyzer and GN ID REF21341 cards. The isolates' susceptibility to antimicrobials was evaluated using conventional disc diffusion. Using particular primers, resistance genes were amplified through PCR (applied biosystems).The identities of all 1470 isolates, including Escherichia coli (28%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%), Acinetobactor baumanii (7%), Serratia marcescens (6%), Enterobacter cloacae (6%), Proteus mirabilis (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Citrobacter freundii (5%), Citrobacter braakii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris (4%). All of these isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to several kinds of antimicrobial medicines. Nine Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli strains were identified to be positive for blaNDM and blaOXA-1.Our study found a concerning association between these diseases' antimicrobial resistance and the routinely prescribed antibiotics. This discovery compromises the medical field's therapeutic options and encourages the use of specialists who have less potent antimicrobial effects.