Phenotypic and genotypic association of yield and yield-related traits in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) evaluated for two seasons

Abstract

Research on phenotypic and genotypic and associations between traits of eggplants provide valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of breeding programs. By understanding the relationships between different traits, breeders can effectively plan, evaluate, and establish selection criteria to cultivate desired characteristics in eggplant. The aim of this experiment was to determine the correlation coefficients, both phenotypic and genotypic, among various characters related to yield and to analyse the direct and indirect effects of these traits on yield per plant using path analysis. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to arrange the plants and replicated three times. The results across the seasons indicated significant variations (p≤0.05) of all the traits examined. Research on correlation has indicated a significant and strong relationship between the main traits that contribute to crop yield (fruit length and fruit weight) at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Furthermore, several traits including the number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit length, stomata conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate have demonstrated a significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. These traits have also exhibited a direct influence on yield. Conversely, traits such as fruit diameter and stomata conductance have displayed a strong and positive indirect impact on yield through their influence on fruit weight, number of fruits, and number of branches. In tropical conditions, the variables of yield component and physiological traits have been found to be positively correlated with higher eggplant yields. Consequently, these variables can serve as reliable indicators for indirect selection for yield in eggplant cultivation.