Phenotipic diversity and biometry of fruit and seeds of a natural population of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul.

Marcones Ferreira Costa,Lorran André Moraes,Maria Fernanda Da Costa Gomes,Michelli Ferreira Dos Santos,Sérgio Emílio Dos Santos Valente,Ângela Celis De Almeida Lopes

doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7672

Marcones Ferreira Costa, Lorran André Moraes + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7672

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Abstract

Phenotipic diversity and biometry of fruit and seeds of a natural population of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate the phenotipic diversity of Cenostigma macrophyllum in a natural population in the state of Piauí (PI), Brazil, from the physical characteristics of the fruit and seeds. The data were collected in the municipality of Floriano, PI. The following variables were evaluated in biometry: fruit length (mm), fruit width (mm), fruit weight (g), number of seeds per sample fruit, seed length (mm), seed width (mm), and seed thickness (mm). The biometric data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and deviations from normality of the data were confirmed by the Lilliefors test for use of the Spearman non-parametric correlation. The phenotipic divergence observed among the individuals was based on cluster analyses (Tocher and UPGMA) and principal components. According to principal components and the dendrogram, individuals 3 and 11 have the greatest dissimilarity. The variables related to the fruit (length, width, and weight) had significant positive correlation, and these variables were the ones that most contributed to intraspecific variation. The results obtained were relevant because they will assist studies related to pre-breeding and conservation of the species.

Highlights

Cenostigma is a small genus composed of three species of trees and shrub: C. macrophyllum tocatinum Tul., C. tocatinum Ducke, and C. macrophyllum, and it is considered a genus endemic to Brazil (Alves et al, 2012; Souza & Nascimento, 2018)
C. macrophyllum is popularly known as caneleiro, canela-velha, and catingueira, has a tree or shrub type growth habit, and is distributed in Caatinga and Cerrado ecosystems in regions of Minas Gerais, west of Bahia, east of Goiás, and Tocantins, and it is relatively common in the central southern part of Piauí (Aguiar et al, 2016; Araújo et al, 2018)
All the multivariate analyses used – the Tocher method, the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method, and principal components – showed similarities in the association and in the clustering of the trees in the natural population evaluated, indicating that the morphological descriptors that were proposed for biometric evaluation in C. macrophyllum are efficient in the study of phenotipic diversity of this native plant

Summary

Introduction

Cenostigma is a small genus composed of three species of trees and shrub: C. macrophyllum tocatinum Tul., C. tocatinum Ducke, and C. macrophyllum, and it is considered a genus endemic to Brazil (Alves et al, 2012; Souza & Nascimento, 2018). There was considerable variation in amplitude (maximum and minimum values) of the biometric characteristics of the fruit and seeds of the caneleiro populations evaluated.

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