PHENOMENON OF FAILED STATE AND REFUGEE/IMMIGRATION PROBLEM: ANALYSIS ON SYRIA EXAMPLE

Abstract

There have been several essays written on failed state in the recent years. One of the significant reasons of that much intense interest on the issue is the anxiety that failed states constitute a threat for strong and stable states. Successful/failed state typologies are improved in studies; the characteristics of it are determined; failed states are classified and defined among themselves; and preventive strategies are developed on reconstruction of state. However, studies have not put emphasize on filed and especially the stated collapsed in this process and rush of immigrants up to date. The objective of this study is to contribute to the scientific studies by discussing the example of Syria. Turkey is directly affected by rush of immigrants and/or migration caused by failed states and collapses of states during this while. According to official figures, the number of the immigrants coming from Syria, being in the state of collapse, is approximately about 3 million. Together with other immigrants coming from Middle East states experiencing collapse, the number of the refugees coming to Turkey has reached five million. Probable connections between the collapse of state institutions, the factors leading to this and rush of immigrants caused by it will be discussed in this study in theoretical sense. Failed states are the ones that lost their domination of land on their pieces of lands partially or wholly. Due to the authority gap occurred, terrorist organizations use those lands as a base as they can move easily in these territories. Terrorist organizations apply severe violence towards public and try to terrorize them by implementing criminal incidents (kidnapping, rape, blackmailing etc.) and compel them to give all kinds of support and even to migrate. As a natural conclusion of this process, people leave their countries to find saver places for themselves. In this respect, the factors weakening or causing to collapse of the level of stateness and tactics and strategies that terrorist organizations apply to force civil society to migrate are tried to be discussed herein.