Phenomenology of cosmological particle creation, Dirac sea and all that

Abstract

We constructed the conformally invariant model for scalar particle creation induced by strong gravitational fields. Starting from the “usual” hydrodynamical description of the particle motion written in the Eulerian coordinates we substituted the particle number conservation law (which enters the formalism) by “the particle creation law”, proportional to the square of the Weyl tensor (following the famous result by Ya.B. Zel’dovich and A.A. Starobinsky). Then, demanding the conformal invariance of the whole dynamical system, we have got both the (Weyl)-conformal gravity and the Einstein-Hilbert gravity action integral with dilaton field. Thus, we obtained something like the induced gravity suggested first by A.D. Sakharov. It is shown that the resulting system is self-consistent. We considered also the vacuum equations. It is shown that, beside the “empty vacuum”, there may exist the “dynamical vacuum”, which is nothing more but the Dirac sea. The latter is described by the unexpectedly elegant equation which includes both the Bach and Einstein tensors and the cosmological terms. All the vacuum solutions violate the local conformal invariance.