Phenomenology and typology of careless crimes that are committed by several offenders

Abstract

The article, on the basis of the coverage of the criminal-law problem of careless crimes committed by several offenders, analyzes the importance of phenomenological research for the development of the essential scientific theories. The proposed publication supplements, by the description and analysis of the latest empirical material, the phenomenology of careless crimes, committed by several subjects. The author’s contribution to the phenomenology of these crimes extends scientific ideas about the phenomenon of multi-offender careless crimes. The given practical examples can be used in educational and scientific criminal-law literature. The author specifies and completes the typological description of the relevant crimes. A list of essential features for each typological group is offered. The signs of the first typological group are as follow:1. Violations of safety rules are identical.2. There is a single criminal consequence for these people that is indivisible, common.3. Identity of the act and the unity of consequence allows us to conclude that the causal meaning of each of the subjects is equivalent in the causal sense.4. Violation of safety rules by each subject occurs in one place and time or in one situation.5. There is a subjective consistency.6. Offense is covered by the features of one rule of criminal law of the Special Part of the Criminal Code.The signs of the second typological group:1. Violations of safety rules are not identical.2. This feature coincides with the typological feature of the first group of cases – the criminal consequence is indivisible, common to all offenders.3. The non-identity of the act (violations of the rules of safety) allows us to conclude that the causal inequality of violations of safety rules is at the same time the act of each subject constitutes the necessary condition (conditio sine qua non) of a consequence whose generation occurs only through the interaction of the violations.4. Violations of the rules of safety by each subject, although they may occur in one place and time (or in one situation), however, more often, the violations do not coincide at the place and time.5. There is no subjective consistency.6. The offense committed in some cases is covered by the features of one rule of criminal law of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, but there is also a separate qualification of violations of the rules of safety of each subject on the basis of various rules of criminal law.It has been found out that in the division of careless co-causality into “parallel” and “consecutive” it is necessary to keep in mind the heterogeneity of the latter typological group: it includes at least two subtypes that differ in a number of features.Article received 27.02.2019