Abstract
Phenomenological and microscopic models to treat modulated crystal structures are reviewed. Their applicability to interpret the specific phase diagram of betaine-calciumchloride-dihydrate (BCCD), which is of the incomplete devils,s staircase type, is critically discussed. Some experimental observations, which emphasize the fractal topology of the BCCD phase diagram, have been compiled. They support the preference of microscopic approaches as the ANNNI-model over the classic Landau theory for this specific case. PACS numbers: 64.60.-i, 64.70.Rh, 77.80.Bh
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