Abstract
This chapter, Phenomenological Models, describes the three phenomenological models used to study the superconducting state of layered superconductors: the anisotropic London, the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau, and the Lawrence-Doniach models. In the anisotropic London model, only the anisotropy of the magnetic penetration is important. In the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model, both the superconducting order parameter and the penetration depth are anisotropic. The Lawrence-Doniach model takes explicit account of the layered structure, for which the order parameters on adjacent layers are coupled by Josephson tunnelling. The Lawrence-Doniach model is introduced by discussions of the surface energy between type-I and type-II superconductors, flux quantization, Josephson tunnelling, Josephson vortices, and the free energy in the presence of an arbitrary magnetic field.
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