Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological patterns, vegetative growth, and yield characteristics of fig (Ficus carica)varieties in Southeastern Brazil. The 'Roxo de Valinhos', White Genova, PI-189, and Troyano varieties were distributed in a randomized complete block design and evaluated in the field. The following characteristics were assessed: number of days between pruning and the beginning of sprouting; leaf chlorophyll content; number of shoots on each branch; length, diameter, and number of internodes on each branch; number of leaves per plant; leaf area; number of fruit per plant; mass, length, and diameter of fruit; production and yield; and duration (days) of each phenological stage, such as thermal requirement models. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova sprouted the fastest and showed the largest number of shoots. Troyano obtained the greatest branch length and diameter, as well as the greatest number of fruit per plant, which had the shortest diameter and length and the lowest mass of fruit. Furthermore, Troyano showed the latest harvest, besides the thermal requirement of 4,577.31 degree-days. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova produced fruit with the greatest average mass and diameter and the longest length. Troyano shows better vegetative growth and produces more fruit per plant than 'Roxo de Valinhos', but both genotypes show similar yields.
Highlights
The Mediterranean basin is the largest fig producer in the world
The current study was conducted in the orchard of the Lageado experimental farm (22°51'55"S, 48°26'22"W, at 810 m altitude) which belongs to the Phenology, vegetative growth, and yield performance of fig Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (Unesp, FCA), in the municipality of Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
The results for the phenological cycles and occurrence periods indicated that Troyano showed the longest total cycle duration, as it took from the beginning of August until the end of June (Figure 1)
Summary
The Mediterranean basin is the largest fig producer in the world. In this region, Turkey, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, and Iran are known to grow figs. Turkey is known to be the world’s largest producer. Some other countries, such as USA and Brazil, have a significant fig production. In 2017, Brazil was the 9th largest producer, with 25,9 thousand tonnes (FAO, 2019). In Brazil, there is only the production of mammoni figs, due to drastic pruning performed in winter. According to Gaaliche et al (2011), climatic conditions during branch growth directly affect the production of mammoni figs
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